So, I ordered a couple of things to try out:
In my tests I always used the 1.8m USB cable that came with the eye tracker.
The 5 m cable actually has a connector for an external power source, which I thought was pretty nice for this purpose since we need quite a bit of power according to
Memo's measurements. I actually had it working briefly when connected to an external powersource. However, the connection soon collapsed and I actually eventually had to restart my PC in order to be able to connect the tracker. This cable also did not perform well/reliable in combination with any of the other above devices. So my advice here is: Don't buy it.
The other devices worked fine as noted above. Although, it felt a bit like the 3m extension cord induces VERY brief connection interruptions. In combination with either of the USB hubs it performed well though. I was even able to chain all these components together and still maintain a connection. I had the tracker disconnect once in like 10 minutes though, with this setup.
Correction: The Inatek Hub does seem to be pretty unstable, too.